Motivation And Retention At It Organization Analysis

Motivation Retention in IT Organization Analysis There are two types of turnover, voluntary turnover happens when the employee makes the decision to leave and involuntary turnover is when employees has no choice in their termination (Schmitz, 2012). Every month or sooner managers experience some of their exceedingly qualified employees leave the company. After realizing that their company is becoming less profitable is when they begin to wonder why and brainstorm on ways to retain them. In Information Technology, â€Å"the cost of recruiting new staff is high and the loss of continuity when staff leave can also be very expensive† (Bott, 2005, p. 111). In IT, human resources strive to maintain their highly skilled employees while employees’†¦show more content†¦Every so often after laboring for months, employees should be recognized for outstanding performance, dedication, perfect attendance, improvement, or even providing 100% customer satisfaction. Employee appreciation could be a certificate, employee o f the month award, extra breaks and lunches, early release for a week with pay or early vacation time. Respect is another attribute that employee look for in a work environment. No one wants to work for a company or manager that do not respect their employee but want their employees to respect them. According to Perry (2017), Respect — the ability to see and celebrate the value in ourselves and others — is the sixth core strength. This is the most complex of the core strengths. It requires the emotional, social, and cognitive maturity that comes from developing the five previous strengths (attachment, self-regulation, affiliation, awareness, and tolerance). Benefits is an imperative factor that employees need in order to be satisfied and engaged in their place of employment. There are benefits that are required which include giving time off to vote, jury duty, withhold and pay certain taxes and applying with FMLA. Although some benefits are required, there are some that’s not required such as retirement, health, dental, and life insurance plans and paid vacations, holidays and sick leave (Basics of Employment Benefits, 2017). Managers should use these benefits to their advantage to maintain theirShow MoreRelatedImproving Organization Retention Paper1446 Words   |  6 PagesImproving organization retention In the past few years the state of Pennsylvania has made an effort to boot their economy by allowing gambling. One of the casinos that have made an impact is JC’s Casino and Resort. This establishment is state of the art in all aspects. It follows all state and federal laws, including being an equal opportunity employer, excellent wage rates, benefits, and has a great reputation for career advancement. However, over the past several months JC’s has had issues withRead MoreMicrosofts Human Resource Management Strategy679 Words   |  3 Pagesincluding recruitment and selection, motivation and retention, performance management, etc. To design competitive salary and compensation packages and decide their major components. Develop policies and procedures for building and managing strong labor relations. Identifying the issues and challenges in strategic Human Resource Management. Comparing and contrasting the HRM strategies and practices of Microsoft Corporation with those of three other organizations in the same industry. INTRODUCTION:Read MoreEssay On Staff Retention1151 Words   |  5 PagesLack of staff retention is not only the loss of employees in nonprofit organizations, but also the loss of institutional knowledge of the nonprofit organizations. At the time employees leave the nonprofit organization, the value of the employees including the intangible knowledge, network of the employees doesn’t belong to the nonprofit organization anymore. A report from Center for American Progress estimated that most of the time, nonprofit organizations 20% salaries to refill the positions. AtRead MoreAn Organization s Strategic Planning1323 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of all stages of the strategic planning process, engage and contribute at every opportunity, ensure that HR strategic planning is in alignment, and have a strong understanding of the factors impacting workforce motivation. Defining Strategic Planning The fate of an organization rests on its ability to create, implement, and execute a successful strategic plan. In many cases, due to the dynamic business environment, an organization’s strategic plan must become a â€Å"living† document that is regularlyRead MorePolice Agencies Face A Threefold Challenge1645 Words   |  7 Pagestime-consuming to recruit an officer than to retain one. Reducing retention problems can alleviate much of the need for recruiting (Wilson, 2010). The most fundamental human resource process in a law enforcement organization is the recruitment of a sufficient number of qualified applicants to meet the staffing needs of the department. The success of this program establishes the foundation for every other function in the organization. Recruitment is more involved and comprehensive than simply convincingRead MoreTanglewood Case Study-Manager Retention1542 Words   |  7 PagesRetention of managerial employees at Tanglewood is extremely important to the organization, their mission, and the organizational culture that Tanglewood values. As the organization continues to exponentially grow; their staffing and recruitment processes and procedures have not been integrated to focus on retention management. This paper will examine the relationship between managerial performance and turnover, why managers leave, additional data that the organization should utilize, equal employmentRead MoreNotes On Reward System And Its Example794 Word s   |  4 PagesSummary The present report is an analysis and a summary of two articles regarding reward system in the organisation. It is very important to understand what motivates people at all levels of management. Article-1 Article-1 is about the reward system and its example. It clearly explain the reward system. The title of this article is â€Å"Example of Reward Packages to Motivate Employees† It is written by Geroge N. Root III. The reward is different from in every organization. It can be seen in various formsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Transformational Leadership And Job Satisfaction Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine the influence of transformational leadership to nurses’ perception. The findings showed that the relationship of transformational leadership were consistent with the studies performed. The results indicated that nurse leaders in health organizations can enhance work environment to increase job satisfactions for nurses by utilizing transformational leadership. By understanding the impact of the transformational leaders in health care, they positively influence the employee’s job satisfactionRead MoreMOTIVATION Organizations spend large capital to establish and maintain customer relationship. The1400 Words   |  6 PagesMOTIVATION Organizations spend large capital to establish and maintain customer relationship. The merging of technology with the management of customer relationship will result in an improved overall process. The technique of data mining will not only solve the issue but also the policies and the strategies so designed could be more effective and competent. Thus the money spent on the customer retention programs/schemes can be saved by being more direct and specific. SCOPE In the present growingRead MoreImportance of Job Performance1444 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the final or strongest determinant of job performance is motivation (Lawler, 1973; Dalal Hulin, 2008). Motivation, as described by Campbell (1990), is a combined effect from three choice behaviors choice to expend effort, choice of level of effort to expend, and choice to persist in the expenditure of that level of effort (p. 690). In the current highly competitive labor market, substantial evidence suggests that organizations, despite size, market focus, technological advances, for profit

Legalization of Marijuana Essay - 2926 Words

Marijuana Legalization in the United States Elisha Havraniak Ottawa University LAS 30012 Writing and Critical Thinking in the Liberal Arts October 11, 2013 Marijuana Legalization in the United States Marijuana has had a long history as an illicit drug, but is quickly becoming a mainstream issue. Some people use marijuana to ease their pain and treat their illnesses. Many others use it because of it mood-altering effects. Laws have been passed to regulate both of these uses of the drug. Those who advocate legalization favor easing or overturning laws against the possession and use of marijuana for recreational purposes, medical use, or both. In†¦show more content†¦Its recreational use became widespread throughout the white upper middle class. In the 1970’s Richard Nixon and Congress instituted a â€Å"War on Drugs†. (Shectman, M., 2012). Marijuana, however, was categorized separately from other narcotics, which eliminated mandatory sentences for small amounts. In 1986, President Reagan signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, which instituted mandatory sentences for drug-related crimes. Possession of 100 marijuana plants now carried the same penalty as possession of 100 grams of heroin. This act was later amended to include the, â€Å"three strikes, you’re out† policy, requiring life sentences for repeat drug offenders. In 1989, President Bush reinforced this policy by declaring a new â€Å"War on Drugs†. (â€Å"Marijuana Timeline†). Effects on Justice System Cannabis or marijuana prohibition has a grossly negative effect on the economy. This impact continues to weigh heavily on the justice system. Not only does the prohibition require enforcement, processing and incarcerations which generates millions in costs to the government, it also causes millions of missed revenues because of its illegal status. In 2006, a study was performed by King and Mauer regarding the War on Drugs, focusing on the effects of the war on marijuana. Their study included some startling statistics and conclusions. â€Å"The results of this study suggest that law enforcement resources are not being effectively allocated to offenses which are most costly to society.Show MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana1633 Words   |  7 PagesBalyuk March 8, 2016 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has a few different names that are commonly used in today’s society including weed and cannabis. Weed is smoked with joints, bongs, or pipes. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods usually brownies, cookies, and candy which are called edibles. The main chemical responsible for the high feeling is called THC but marijuana also contains over 500 chemicals. The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds. â€Å"Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. 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The Power of Concentration Free Essays

The Power of Concentration By Remez Sasson When I was a child, I saw how a magnifying glass could burn a piece of paper, when the rays of the sun were focused through it. The fire could start only when the sun’s rays were concentrated to a small point. When the magnifying glass was moved too far away or too close to the paper, the rays were not focused enough and nothing happened. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of Concentration or any similar topic only for you Order Now This experience describes vividly the power of concentration. This power can be described as focused attention. It is the ability to direct the attention to one single thought or subject, to the exclusion of everything else. When our mind is focused, our energies are not dissipated on irrelevant activities or thoughts. This is why developing concentration is essential to anyone who aspires to take charge of his or her life. This skill is essential for every kind of success. Without it, our efforts get scattered, but with it, we can accomplish great things. Concentration has many uses and  benefits. It assists in studying and understanding faster, improves the memory, and helps in focusing on any task, job, activity or goal, and achieving it more easily and efficiently. It is also required for developing psychic powers, and is a powerful tool for the efficient use of creative visualization. When this ability is developed, the mind obeys us more readily and does not engage in futile, negative thoughts or worries. We gain mental mastery and we experience true peace of mind. This ability also plays an important role in meditation. Without it, the mind just jumps restlessly from one thought to another, not allowing us to meditate properly. Do you now realize, why it is very important and worthwhile to develop and improve the ability to concentrate? To develop this power you need to train and exercise it. Forget all your excuses about not having the time or being too busy. Do not say that the circumstances are not appropriate or that you cannot find a quiet place to exercise. With a little planning, desire and motivation you can always find the time to exercise each day, no matter how busy you are. The Restless Mind Thoughts claim our attention incessantly, and waste our time and energy on unimportant and useless matters. They actually rule our life. We have become so used to this slavery, that we take it for granted, and have become nconscious of this habit, except on certain occasions. While breathing, we do not need to pay attention to each inhalation and exhalation. We become conscious of the process of breathing, only when we have some difficulty with breathing, such as when our nose is clogged, due to a cold, or when we are in an unventilated room. It is the same with thinking. We become conscious of the constant onslaught of our thoughts, and of our inability to calm them down, only when we need to concentrate, solve a problem or study. We are also acutely aware of them when we have worries or fears. Look at the following familiar situation. You need to study something for your job or for an exam. You sit comfortably on the sofa with the book in your hands and start reading. After a while you feel hungry and go to the kitchen to eat something. You return to read, and then hear you people talking outside. You listen to them for several moments and then bring your attention back to the book. After a while you feel restless and switch on the radio to listen to some music. You continue to read for a little while, and then remember something that happened yesterday, and you start thinking about it. When you look at your watch, you are amazed to find out that one complete hour has passed and you have hardly read anything. This is what happens when one lacks concentration. Imagine what you could have accomplished, if you could control your attention and focus your mind! Work that requires physical strength, such as carrying heavy loads for example, develops physical strength. Yet, it is not as exercising daily to the gym in a systematic manner. It is the same with concentration. Reading, studying and trying to pay attention to what we do, develop some of this ability, but practicing exercises diligently each day is something else, it is like training in a gym. Inner resistance to developing concentration In order to develop this ability we have to train our minds. Most people think that concentration is a strenuous and tiring activity, and that it involves exertion and tension, which are difficult and unpleasant. This belief starts at an early age. Parents and teachers expect children to study, do their homework and get good grades. This brings up in the children a feeling of being coerced and forced to do something they don’t like doing. When they are too often told that they are not concentrating good enough, they develop a loathing for concentration, and often for studying too. These become associated with coercion, lack of freedom, doing something they do not like to do, and which is against their will. When they grow up, it is no wonder that their powers of concentration are weak, and they have no desire to strain their minds. Though most people acknowledge the fact that good concentration is a great asset, yet most of them do nothing to strengthen it, because they don’t know how, and because they lack the motivation. It is hoped that this article will provide the necessary information and motivation. Concentration can be fun, if approached in the right way. It should be practiced with joy, positive attitude, optimism, and understanding of its great possibilities. The benefits of developing concentration Sometimes you can find strong powers of concentration in yourself. When you really and earnestly want to excel in your studies, pass an important exam or solve a problem, this power becomes available to you. In such cases, it appears because of some need or desire, but developing it in a systematic way brings it under your control, and grants you the ability to use it intentionally, whenever you need it. To do so, you need to practice special exercises on a daily basis. Here is what you can gain by developing this power: -Control of your thoughts. -The ability to focus your mind. -Peace of mind. -Freedom from futile and annoying thoughts. -The ability to choose your thoughts. Better memory. -Self-confidence. -Inner strength. -Will power. -Decisiveness. -The ability to study and comprehend more quickly. -Inner happiness. -Enhanced capability to develop psychic abilities. -More powerful and efficient use of creative visualization. -Enhanced ability to meditate. -And much more†¦ Seems too good to be true? Develop the power of concentration and fin d out for yourself! So what about starting to develop concentration power today? In part two of this article you will find advice and exercises for developing and strengthening this ability. The Power of Concentration Part Two How to cite The Power of Concentration, Essay examples

Labor Unions in Organisations

Question: Describe about the Labor Unions in Organisations. Answer: Introduction The labour unions are essential in the organizations as they help to bind the employees together. They act as a collective voice for the purpose of negotiations from an employees point of view. The Government has recently focused on the non-union aspects while formulating the agreements. This has deprived the employees their voice while dealing with the management or the government. Discussion Australia has witnessed a moderately high rate of unemployment in the recent past (Hoffmann Lemieux, 2014). The Australian businesses are dominated by loss of jobs and increasing number of plant closures. The economy requires the generation of new jobs, however, the Australian economy is perceived to be an expensive country. This implies that there are excessive regulations in the country that acts as an obstacle for the new firms. It is also observed that the deadline of the projects has not been adhered to and there was high delay in the completion of the projects (Hoffmann Lemieux, 2014). The industrial relation laws is creating barriers for the smooth functioning of the business. The Greenfield Agreement formulated by the Fair Work Commission takes place between a new employer and the union, in case the organization does not have any employees (Fwc.gov.au, 2016). These types of agreements allow the involvement of a union. The Australian economy is characterized by a huge involv ement of the labor union. 18% of the employees in Australia are the members of the labour union, which has increased the bargaining capability on the new projects (Fwc.gov.au, 2016). The union members are in a position to delay the onset of the new projects. The union members engage in longer negotiation sessions that increase the cost of the projects as well as inability to adhere to the deadlines. They often demand exorbitant rates or unsustainable work conditions, which the employers are bound to follow (Hoffmann Lemieux, 2014). These factors have forced the Government to promote non-union forms of the contract agreements. The absence of the labor unions of the employees has certain implications on the employees. The employees are unable to communicate their concerns to the management (Bray Waring Cooper, 2014, pp. 295-298). They are also unable to make negotiations on certain important issues. There is a decrease in the employee satisfaction rates as their concerns remain unresolved. There are often issues with the compensation structure which can be addressed only by a union. The unhappy employees are more prone to leave the organization and hence there is an increased attrition rate in the organization (Berg et al., 2013). The increased turnover rate also implies an increase in the operational expenses of the company. There is an increase in the unfair dismissal of the employees which acts as a demotivating factor for the other employees (Bray Waring Cooper, 2014, pp. 317-319). There is absence of the collective strength of the employees which reduces their productivity levels. Conclusion The labor unions should be dealt properly so that there is a mutual benefit of both the parties. The organization and the employees should benefit from the policies of the Government. The labor union has both positive as well as negative impacts, which needs to be managed well. References Berg, P., Kossek, E. E., Baird, M., Block, R. N. (2013). Collective bargaining and public policy: Pathways to work-family policy adoption in Australia and the United States.European Management Journal,31(5), 495-504. Bray, M., Waring, P. Cooper, R. (2014) Employment Relations: Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Fair Work Commission | Australia's national workplace relations tribunal. (2016).Fair Work Commission. Retrieved 16 September 2016, from https://www.fwc.gov.au Hoffmann, F., Lemieux, T. (2014).Unemployment in the Great Recession: a comparison of Germany, Canada and the United States(No. w20694). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Alpha Tyre Essay Example

Alpha Tyre Essay Example Alpha Tyre Essay Alpha Tyre Essay Alpha Tyre Company Case is intended to be a part of instruction material developed for teaching at a Marketing class in Business Schools. Alpha is not a real company – any resemblance to a real corporation is co-incidental. Case facts are for discussion only and are not intended to be a demonstrator of correct or incorrect handling of management situation. Alpha Tyre Company (ALPHA) is engaged in the manufacture and sale of car tyres. Most of ALPHA’s business is conducted primarily through the OE (Original Equipment) route, selling to automobile manufacturers such as Maruti, Hyundai, Tata, Honda, Toyota and Hindustan Motors. The company has a strong presence in the OE market and it wants to protect its dominance in this space. However, ALPHA is lagging behind in the replacement market with minimal brand recall in the market place. In the overall tyre market, ALPHA has a small share since it specializes in car tyres only. The big Indian players in the market like MRF, CEAT and JK wield a wide range of tyres – for two-wheelers, three-wheelers, cars, utility vehicles, and commercial vehicles i. e. trucks and buses. The company’s new CEO, who has recently been brought in from a Consumer Durables company, fears that a low brand recall in the replacement market would adversely affect their OE market share and therefore wants to develop a growth strategy to expand the company’s replacement market share. The Marketing department at ALPHA did not have a consistent and researched understanding of what drove tyre sales and how customers went about buying car tyres. Past research findings by ALPHA on consumer preferences have been sketchy and market information has been collected on ad-hoc basis. There is no evidence of any extensive study conducted on consumers and most of the theories going around in the company are based on hunches and ‘gut-feel’. Various strategies were used in the past to reach the customer target groups. The tyre-dealers were targeted through a rigourous sales process along with target-based schemes. Mechanics and Car Service Stations were reached through direct schemes. Mass Media and PR were used to communicate with end users. The Sales department has a different approach on what needs to be done in the replacement market – they believe that pushing the product with better dealer margins is the way to go and that the Marketing department is wasting time with Positioning and Brand Building. The quality of tyres is judged, among other factors, on the wear rate of the tyre, which was measured with a calibration device after certain specified usage intervals. ALPHA has a modern tyre testing lab and most of their tyres compare well vis-a-vis their competition in lab tests and road tests conducted by the company. To formulate a marketing strategy, Alpha needs to understand – a) What drives each type of customer to buy a particular brand of tyres. b) Each type of influencer that impacts a brand. c) The relative impact of customers and influencers on sales. d) What cues a good tyre and a good tyre company e) The gaps in the Strength and Weaknesses of its brand vis-a-vis the competition in the OE business and in the replacement market. You are doing your internship at Alpha tyres and the Senior VP of Marketing and Sales has asked you to build a marketing and sales plan†¦

Book Review Louis Harlans edited edition of Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington essays

Book Review Louis Harlan's edited edition of Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington essays Booker T. Washington's body of work, study, and his life as a whole, as most notably encompassed within the text his own autobiography, entitled, Up From Slavery, is often set against the live of W.E.B. Du Bois. As noted by the scholar Louis T. Harlan, conventional wisdom holds that Booker T. Washington advocated a fairly conservative point of view, regarding the place of African-Americans in American society, in contrast to Du Bois's advocacy of immediate political as well as economic equality for the races of America. Booker T. Washington's ethos of putting down one's bucket' where one stood, as an African American, is seen as fundamentally conciliatory to white society, rather than offering a potentially liberating point of view to America's community of oppressed African Americans. Blacks under the tyranny of Jim Crow's de facto segregation, or even the de jure educational and economic segregation of the North, were hungry not simply for economic advancement, but for political and spiritual justice. By over-focusing on economics, as opposed to integrated education and justice and intellectual advancement, Washington is said to have sold himself short, as well as his people. (Historians in their understanding of Washington's life quite deliberately However, Washington was a far more complex individual than this initial gloss might allow. Louis Harlan's introduction to Washington's life is particular important not simply because Harlan offers a comprehensive reading of an important figure in American history and African American history. Harlan is the author of a biography of Washington, and his reading of Washington's life is important for the redemptive reading he offers of a figure so frequently misread by history and even by African Americans today, intent upon finding a scapegoat for the lack of advancement for individuals within the community during the f...

Security Issue s In Ecommerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Security Issue s In Ecommerce - Essay Example acy of result, frankness and convenience of payment processes, loss of collateral information, globalisation, and rise of new commerce models (Laudon & Traver, 2008). Small firms seek to venture into ecommerce with the main aim of increasing revenue through reaching new markets and winning more clients. Ecommerce will enable the small business shorten procurement cycles through the use of on-line cataloguing, checking and payment, gain access to global markets at a smaller portion of traditionalcosts, ensure product, marketing information and prices are always up to date, allow them to compete with large businesses over a common platform, and increase sales opportunities. In addition, ecommerce will enable these small firms ease the audits they conduct on their systems because electronic data is easier to audit. It will also enable them reach out to clients in remote areas, and ensure the goods are available 24/7 for anyone to purchase. This will surely lead to increased generation of revenues. As we all know, fraudsters would aim on the big firms in the ecommerce business. Their enormousconsumer base is like mouth-watering bait for fraudsters. That may safe to think, however, it has been a big misconception.While the aim of fraudsters is to access money, they are not aiming at big ecommerce stores. They go for the small companies for the key reason that smaller e-commerce sites appear to have disregarded one important element – strict security measures. The easy access to critical information and the susceptibility of security systems trap these fraudsters to these smaller stores that are engaging into ecommerce. Campbell et al (2010, p.37) estimates that 90 per cent of credit card safety compromises in the ecommerce industry originate from Level 4 Merchants (ecommerce websites that process fewer than 1 million total card payment dealings and less than 20,000 ecommerce dealings in a year. As a small business, it is important to understand the reasons that

Incarceration Rates in Juvenile Offenders Essay

Incarceration Rates in Juvenile Offenders - Essay Example are all strongly linked to the drug business. The Juvenile Justice System is the legal system responsible for looking after cases involving the minors. The system came into being in 1899 in the US policy so that the young people can understand the effects of their actions, and comprehend the irreversible reality of committing a criminal act. The other reason that the Juvenile Justice System was formed was because of the peril youth faced in the adult prison. Young offenders were at a great risk of being molested at the hands of adult criminals and committing suicide. Those children who end up in adult institutions, however, have it worst of all. Children in any adult institution are more vulnerable and more likely to be exploited as the Amnesty report says that they are eight times more likely to commit suicide, five times more likely to be raped, and thrice more likely to be crushed by workers than are kids in juvenile confinements. (Amnesty, 1998) America's juvenile justice system is there to keep its nationals safe and guiding delinquent youth on the right track. Fulfilling these two major responsibilities has put the policymakers and public in general, in a tight spot; as in which of the two aims should receive the most weightage, and thus, funding. (Juvenile Justice) In a stark contrast to the bas... (Mears 2006).The 1990s saw legislatures across the country enact laws under which an increasing number of delinquents could be tried in criminal courts and sent to prison. In almost every state of the US, youths aged 13 or 14 (or less) can be prosecuted and punished as adults for a broad range of offenses, even including nonviolent crimes. Even within the juvenile system, punishments have grown progressively crueler. Amnesty's findings say that there are 200,000 children per year are prosecuted in general criminal courts, and approximately 7,000 of those children locked up in jails before trial. Over 11,000 delinquents are presently being imprisoned in adult correctional facilities (Amnesty International 1998). State Level Variation Though an exponential increase in juvenile incarcerations, little thought has been given to the inter-state variations. According to Mears in his Prison Journal (2006) these are four possible reasons: First, expenditure in juvenile incarceration would be greater where symbolic intimidations to social order are pretty high. Second, it would be more in those states where crime rate, especially juvenile violent crime, is high. Third, juvenile incarceration would imitate those deemed appropriate for adult offenders; so the states with higher adult incarceration rates may incarcerate more juveniles. Finally, if the juvenile incarcerations are culturally accepted then it would lead to higher rates of juvenile incarceration. Public Opinion Matters This trend can be attributed to the public concern about the threat of youth after highly publicized crimes such as school shootings etc. But the fact is that the assorted opinion surveys which have

GIS applications and Juvenile crimes in Philadelphia Research Paper

GIS applications and Juvenile crimes in Philadelphia - Research Paper Example team with necessary information that not only assists in the detection of the crime but at times might also prevent the occurrence of several crimes (Johnson). The present study focuses on the application of the GIS for the decrease of juvenile crimes occurring in Philadelphia and thus, tries to determine whether the use of GIS might enable such crimes to reduce. The study of the juvenile crimes in Philadelphia was significantly considered by Kempf-Leonard along with other researchers who have derived that the juvenile crimes in the city are equally of severe concern for the government and the public as there are high rates of adult crimes. This study has also thrown light on the proportions of the male and female delinquents who were caught as offenders. The studies reflected that many of these juvenile offenders were found to have contacts with the adult criminals. While there were some others who were not associated with severe offenses and were not in touch with adult criminals. Among the males who were considered in the study of age below 18 years, it was found that around 51 percent of them were serious offenders, 26 percent were violent in nature, 23 percent were chronic delinquents, 21 percent were both serious and chronic, and 14 percent were violent as well as chronic. Among the females in the study, serious offenders constituted a round 17 percent, 7 percent were violent offenders, 7 percent of them were chronic in their behavior, 4 percent were serious and chronic, and 2 percent were violent as well as chronic (Howell, 62-63). The above mentioned cases of juvenile crimes also reflect on their encounters with the police and the investigation teams. The incidents varied from theft to murder, and arrests had taken place in several of these cases, while in others the offender had not been taken into custody. The study also obtained that those groups of delinquents who were serious and chronic, and those who were violent and chronic reflected higher

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): Protocol Engineering

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): Protocol Engineering The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): The protocol engineering and development arm of the Internet    I chose this working group because I had not been aware of its existence and wanted to learn more about it. I am very familiar with the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) from various research projects over the years that I have been required to complete for other Strayer class assignments. (Rouse, M 2017) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Retrieved from: http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/IETF writes: The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is the body that defines standard Internet operating protocols such as TCP/IP. The IETF is supervised by the Internet Society Internet Architecture Board (IAB). IETF members are drawn from the Internet Societys individual and organization membership. Standards are expressed in the form of Requests for Comments (RFCs). Simply put, as it is written: (Alvestrand, H. 2004) Network Working Group Request for Comments: 3935 Retrieved from: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3935.txt: The goal of the IETF is to make the Internet work better. The mission of the IETF is to produce high quality, relevant technical and engineering documents that influence the way people design, use, and manage the Internet in such a way as to make the Internet work better. These documents include protocol standards, best current practices, and informational documents of various kinds. The Need of the IEEE 802 Standard for Networking The IEEE 802 Standards for Networking are needed to ensure compatibility for network devices and it also simplifies networking product development. The standard makes the comparing of competing vendor products easy to understand and spurs product development. I believe that it establishes protocols that can be globally adopted and these can be applied across many markets that encourage international trade, key especially today in the global landscape business wise. Standards make it easier for new products to be developed and the markets for these products verifiable. The IEEE 802 Standards for Networking addresses the Data Link and Physical layers of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) networking reference model. Standards Organizations Overview Organization IEEE ISO ANSI Purpose The IEEE Standards Association defines such wireless technologies as Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) and WiFi (802.11) International Organization for Standardization American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Other Information 802.11 Standards for wireless LANs 802.1- Standards and recommended practices for: 802 LAN/MAN architecture, internetworking among 802 LANs, MANs, and other wide area networks, 802 overall network management, and protocol layers above the MAC and LLC layers. One important area of standardization deals with the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications architecture and the standards at each layer of the OSI networking reference model. a private, non-profit organization. that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standards and conformity assessment system. Data communications and networking. ANSI coordinates the U.S. voluntary consensus standards system, providing a neutral forum for the development of policies on standards issues and serves as a watchdog for standards development and conformity assessment programs and processes. Important for communication technology? Yes and I would surmise most important for communication technology since the standards created by the IEEE 802 are also adopted by the other two organizations listed in this table Yes Yes The Need for a Federal Regulating Body of Standards (Such as NIST) The National Institute of Standards and Technology was created in 1901 and it is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The agency was created by Congress to ensure that the U.S. Industrial infrastructure was competitive with those of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other countries. The creation of NIST and other Federal standardization bodies are beneficial in several ways. I believe that they provide product safety, ensure competitiveness, provide consumer protection, and also can act as a means of compliance. In my opinion these standards also are of benefit to the U.S. marketplace and the ability of consumers to switch to other competing products if they are dissatisfied with their initial choice. Federal Standards act as guidelines that all businesses can and should follow and with Federal Standards in place, there can also be mechanisms established that punish those that try to operate not in the best interest of the U.S. or its citizens. Federal Regulating Body of Stand ards can provide the following benefits: Product Safety and reliability Business benefits: provide a solid foundation to develop new technologies Encourage innovation Provides Consumer choice, new features and options References Alvestrand, H. (2004) Network Working Group Request for Comments: 3935 Retrieved from: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3935.txt Rouse, M (2016) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Retrieved from: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/IEEE-Institute-of-Electrical-and-Electronics- Engineers Rouse, M (2017) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Retrieved from: http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/IETF Stallings, W (2009) Standards Organizations Retrieved from: http://www.box.net/shared/9dtnzvwys8/1/15730219/164146343/1 Child Health Case Study: Acute Otitis Media Child Health Case Study: Acute Otitis Media Michael-Jon Rosslee Child Health Portfolio Case General Information Report: Infant between 1-6 months of age Sex: Female Age: 4 months CDC: Grassy Park Disease Narrative A 4-month-old girl, was brought into Grassy Park Community Day Clinic (CDC) by her mother, who was concerned that she was pulling and touching her ears more than usual for the past two days. Mrs X had taken her to visit a private doctor two weeks prior due to a runny nose but she has otherwise been well since. The child now, in addition to presenting with ear problems, is more irritable and restless than normal and is waking at night from ear pain resulting in Mrs X to seek health care for her daughter. She does not have any discharge from her ear or associated fever and Mrs X has not attempted any form of treatment of the ear infection with home or over the counter remedies. Mrs X, who works as a caterer in Kingsbury hospital, feared for her daughters health after having seen other children with ear infections display similar signs and wanted to ensure that the problem was seen to by a medical health professional as soon as possible. This is the first time this set of symptoms has occurred, and, other than the visit to the private doctor, the road to health card and mother both indicate the child is growing well and is is a happy healthy child. As both the childs parents work during the day time, she is looked after by a friend of Mrs X, who, in affectionate terms, is termed a day mother by the family. Health System Experience Mrs X luckily has experienced health care from both the public and private health care system, with the choice of health care service dictated by many factors such as illness, time available and finances. On reflection she notes she is happy with the health care service provided by both the private and public system, but further goes on to say that within the private health care system it seems that the doctors and nurses go further in providing all round health care, whereas in the public system it seems they just do the minimum in treatment in order to move patients along. As a result, she enjoys the experience more within the private health care system than that of the public healthcare system. Mrs X does go on to note that at Grassy Park CDC appointment times and quick queues have made the experience better and under normal circumstances, Mrs X would have been able to arrive at the specified time for the appointment and not have to wait too long to be seen. In contrast, today, Mrs X arrived at the clinic at 9H00 without an appointment and would have otherwise waited for an extended period of time had not the medical students seen to her and her child. Mrs X notes this as an isolated incidence in not having an appointment. The students performed a general examination which included weight, length, MUAC as well as a specific systemic examination of the ENT in order to investigate the complaint of an ear infection. Generally, Mrs X also further goes on to note, the positive attitudes of the health care workers who; always give you the full information, ensure that she is kept abreast of all the developments in regard to her daughters health and enquire after her health and the context of the family. This has resulted in Mrs X perceiving a high quality of care received from the CDC. Lastly, she made a call for more sisters, nurses and doctors, as, although there is a high quality of care, she feels that as a result more patients could be helped and cared for at the CDC. Family and Financial Cost Both Mr and Mrs X both work full time, thus having to take the child to the CDC or private doctor for a health issue is a burden on their capacity to earn and support their family. Nonetheless, Mrs X feels that it is worth the cost in her time as she wants to be in the consultation with her child, as then she knows what is wrong with her and how best to treat it. Financially, attending a private doctor is only done when necessary, which is in contrast to the public health care system where the care is cheaper/free but can sometimes spend longer waiting and thus not earning money due to the time taken off work. Thereby, it seems it is a cost-benefit problem for the family as both Mr and Mrs X get paid monthly, they cannot absorb unexpected costs. The family is otherwise under no heavy financial burden and receive no grant. Mrs X notes a good value of service received from the CDC and is always able to make time and money available for the small expenses required in the caring for of h er daughter. Preventable-Promotional Aspects The child was confirmed to have an acute ear infection and preventable and promotional aspects of her care thereafter can be seen in three dimensions, mainly; downstream, midstream and upstream measures. Upstream and midstream measures would simply consist of general education and health promotion targeted towards carers of infants in order to allow them to care for/prevent ear infections in infants themselves and what danger signs warrant the seeking of medical attention. Downstream would consist of treating the acute ear infection. Amoxicillin and Paracetamol syrup were prescribed and the mother health promoted on administration of medication, bottle hygiene, the Vitamin A and deworming schedule, and to return if danger signs noted. Mrs X is aware of general ear care with regard to; not using ear buds to clean her daughters ears, not placing foreign objects within the ear canal, but is otherwise not aware or any ameliorating factors that may have prevented the ear infection in the first place. Upon further discussion, it is noted that when washing her daughters head, the ear does become submerged in the bath water and water does enter the ear canal which does worry Mrs X. Health education to alleviate the worry was conducted. Pathophysiology Acute otitis media is a common ear infection among infants where parts of the middle ear become infected and swollen with fluid build-up and entrapment behind the tympanic membrane. Signs and symptoms of acute otitis media can vary but usually consist of ear pain/tugging or pulling at the ears, trouble sleeping, ear discharge, restlessness. It aetiology is usually bacterial in nature and is often preceded by/associated with a sore throat or upper respiratory tract infection. Children and infants are more predisposed to acute otitis media due to the fact that the Eustachian tubes are smaller and more horizontal than in adults. This facilitates tracking up of bacteria and decreased drainage of fluid from the ear even in normal circumstances. Local inflammation of the Eustachian tube and inner ear can cause blockage and thereby further encourage fluid build-up within the middle ear. Diagnosis is made by history and findings on general and ENT examination. Treatment consists of; an antibiotic (usually Amoxicillin), an analgaesic such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, a follow-up visit 5 days later and health promotion on general aspects of infant/child health such as immunisations and Vitamin A administration. Research Articles Kilpi T, Ahman H, Jokinen J, Lankinen K, Palmu A, Savolainen H et al. Protective efficacy of a second pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal acute otitis media in infants and children: randomized, controlled trial of a 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine in 1666 children. Clin Infec Dis. 2003;37(9):1155-1164. Del Mar C, Glasziou P, Hayem M. Are antibiotics indicated as initial treatment for children with acute otitis media? A meta-analysis. BMJ. 1997;314(7093):1526-1526.

Homer & The Odyssey :: essays research papers

Homer, name traditionally assigned to the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, the two major epics of Greek antiquity. Nothing is known of Homer as an individual, and in fact it is a matter of controversy whether a single person can be said to have written both the Iliad and the Odyssey. Linguistic and historical evidence, however, suggests that the poems were composed in the Greek settlements on the west coast of Asia Minor sometime in the 8th century BC. Both epics are written in an elaborate style, using language that was too impersonal and formal for ordinary discourse. The metrical form is dactylic hexameter (see Versification). Stylistically no real distinction can be made between the two works. Since antiquity, however, many readers have believed that they were written by different people. The Iliad deals with passions, with insoluble dilemmas. It has no real villains; Achilles, Agamemnon, Priam, and the rest are caught up, as actors and victims, in a cruel and ultimately tragic universe. In the Odyssey, on the other hand, the wicked are destroyed, right prevails, and the family is reunited. Here rational intellect-that of Odysseus in particular-acts as the guiding force throughout the story. Besides the Iliad and the Odyssey, the so-called Homeric Hymns, a series of relatively short poems celebrating the various gods and composed in a style similar to that of the epics, have also been attributed traditionally to Homer. The Odyssey describes the return of the Greek hero Odysseus from the Trojan War. The opening scenes depict the disorder that has arisen in Odysseus's household during his long absence: A band of suitors is living off of his wealth as they woo his wife, Penelope. The epic then tells of Odysseus's ten years of traveling, during which he has to face such dangers as the man-eating giant Polyphemus and such subtler threats as the goddess Calypso, who offers him immortality if he will abandon his quest for home. The second half of the poem begins with Odysseus's arrival at his home island of Ithaca. Here, exercising infinite patience and self-control, Odysseus tests the loyalty of his servants; plots and carries out a bloody revenge on Penelope's suitors; and is reunited with his son, his wife, and his aged father Penelope, in Greek mythology, daughter of Icarius, king of Sparta, and the wife of Odysseus, king of Ithaca. Penelope and Odysseus had a son, Telemachus.